BlogForever: D3.1 Preservation Strategy Report

This report describes preservation planning approaches and strategies recommended by the BlogForever project as a core component of a weblog repository design. More specifically, we start by discussing why we would want to preserve weblogs in the first place and what it is exactly that we are trying to preserve. We further present a review of past and present work and highlight why current practices in web archiving do not address the needs of weblog preservation adequately. We make three distinctive contributions in this volume: a) we propose transferable practical workflows for applying a combination of established metadata and repository standards in developing a weblog repository, b) we provide an automated approach to identifying significant properties of weblog content that uses the notion of communities and how this affects previous strategies, c) we propose a sustainability plan that draws upon community knowledge through innovative repository design

Effect of the California red scale Aonidiella aurantii sex pheromone on the natural parasitism by Aphytis spp. in Mediterranean citrus

[EN] Mating disruption has proved successful against California red scale (CRS), Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Mediterranean citrus. Although mating disruption does not affect negatively the parasitism by Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a CRS parasitoid introduced to the Mediterranean, there is no information regarding its potential effect on the native Aphytis species. In the present study, the effect of CRS mating disruption on the field parasitism inflicted by Aphytis spp. has been assessed and compared to a mineral oil and a control treatment. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the mating disruption we also evaluated its effect on the captures of the CRS males and on fruit infestation. Moreover, the potential role of the CRS sex pheromone as kairomone for the Aphytis species was also evaluated by comparing captures of parasitoids on sticky traps with or without pheromone. Significantly lower CRS male captures and fruit damage were registered in the mating disruption respect to the control or oil treatments indicating that mating disruption was effective. In September, when compared to the control, parasitism by Aphytis spp. was significantly lower in the mating disruption and mineral oil treatments and crucially no Aphytis chrysomphali Mercet were registered in the mating disruption treatment. Finally, while the captures of both A. melinus and Aphytis lepidosaphes (Mercet) were not significantly different between traps with or without pheromone, A. chrysomphali captures were significantly higher in traps baited with CRS pheromone. These results suggest a possible kairomonal effect of the CRS pheromone on A. chrysomphali.Pekas, A.; Navarro-Llopis, V.; Garcia Marí, F.; Primo Millo, J.; Vacas González, S. (2015). Effect of the California red scale Aonidiella aurantii sex pheromone on the natural parasitism by Aphytis spp. in Mediterranean citrus. Biological Control. 90:61-66. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.05.016S61669

One-year outcome following biological or mechanical valve replacement for infective endocarditis

Background: Nearly half of patients require cardiac surgery during the acute phase of infective endocarditis (IE). We describe the characteristics of patients according to the type of valve replacement (mechanical or biological), and examine whether the type of prosthesis was associated with in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Methods and results: Among 5591 patients included in the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study, 1467 patients with definite IE were operated on during the active phase and had a biological (37%) or mechanical (63%) valve replacement. Patients who received bioprostheses were older (62 vs 54 years), more often had a history of cancer (9% vs 6%), and had moderate or severe renal disease (9% vs 4%); proportion of health care-associated IE was higher (26% vs 17%); intracardiac abscesses were more frequent (30% vs 23%). In-hospital and 1-year death rates were higher in the bioprosthesis group, 20.5% vs 14.0% (p = 0.0009) and 25.3% vs 16.6% (p < .0001), respectively. In multivariable analysis, mechanical prostheses were less commonly implanted in older patients (odds ratio: 0.64 for every 10 years), and in patients with a history of cancer (0.72), but were more commonly implanted in mitral position (1.60). Bioprosthesis was independently associated with 1-year mortality (hazard ratio: 1.298). Conclusions: Patients with IE who receive a biological valve replacement have significant differences in clinical characteristics compared to patients who receive a mechanical prosthesis. Biological valve replacement is independently associated with a higher in-hospital and 1-year mortality, a result which is possibly related to patient characteristics rather than valve dysfunction

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)